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https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/common-collector-amplifier.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/amp_2.html
Branislav Nušić:
"Srpska deco što množiti znateIz ovoga pouku imate:
https://code.visualstudio.com/blogs/2021/10/20/vscode-dev
https://github.com/shopware/platform#quickstart--installationPLY (Python Lex-Yacc) compilers maker
https://stephan-bester.medium.com/free-pascal-in-visual-studio-code-e1e0a240a430
Two-Transistor Regenerative Receiver Schematic Circuit Diagram
Regenerative? What’s that? In the age of Twitter and smartphones, you can’t assume that things not related to the Internet are still generally known — or maybe they are? Amazingly, Google delivers nearly 80,000 hits for the search term ‘regenerative receiver’ and much more for the German name Audion, even though it lacks a lower-case as a prefix (‘iAudion’ also exists, but it yields only 12,000 hits). From this, we can conclude that this type of receiver is not entirely unknown nowadays, even if some of the search results have nothing to do with radio circuits. In any case, it’s a reasonable assumption that you all have the idea of what ‘regenerative’ means. If not: it’s a super-simple but nevertheless sensitive type of radio receiver. If you want to know more, check the references. The Wikipedia entry on this topic [1] is also quite extensive. The author is a fan of the many HF experiments and projects dreamed up by the well-known Elektor author Burkhard Kainka. Based on Kainka’s regenerative receiver circuit, the author developed an especially simple but high-performance version using modern components — a regenerative receiver using only garden-variety transistors, but with good reception characteristics. The author has published a version of this design on his website [2].
The Elektor version, which is perhaps a bit easier to build yourself, is described here. Instead of breadboard construction, which was common in the days before PCBs were invented, the component layout of the design presented here has been optimized with the Lochmaster 4 program for assembly on an Alex prototyping board (a.k.a. UPBS-1 and available from the Elektor Shop). First a few words about the circuit. A noteworthy feature is that both transistors are type BC548 in the 0815 package. Apparently, types that are actually designed for audio use are adequate for use with HF signals in the medium-wave broadcast band from 0.5 to 1.6 MHz, which is what we’re interested in here.
Variable capacitor C1 and coil L1 from the usual parallel resonant circuit that determines the receiver frequency. The special feature of a regenerative receiver is that an active component, or more precisely the gain of an active component, is used to implement a form of feedback that is adjusted to the point where the circuit is just on the edge of oscillation. This reduces the load on the resonant circuit and increases its selectivity, and the high gain makes the receiver fairly sensitive. The active component, in this case, is T1. The feedback is provided by P1 and the tap on L1. Here T1 does double duty: it provides HF gain and (thanks to the nonlinear characteristic of the BE junction) it demodulates the AM signals commonly transmitted in the MW band. T2 provides additional gain for the audio signal. A small loudspeaker or (preferably) headphones can be connected to coupling capacitor C6. The headphones should have a high impedance to improve matching. For this reason, it’s a good idea to connect the two earphones in series.
Assembling the circuit is straightforward thanks to the layout for the prototyping board. A bit more dexterity is required for making the aerial, but even here you don’t need much more than the usual hobbyist tools. You can have planks and laths sawn to the dimensions given in the components list in any home improvement shop for a small charge. Fit the PCB in the middle of the baseboard between the variable capacitor on the left and the potentiometer on the right. Screw the lath cross to the baseboard behind the PCB as shown in the photo of the prototype (note: in the prototype the author fitted a trimpot directly on the PCB instead of using an external potentiometer; this is also shown in the component layout for the Elex board). Wind 20 turns of enameled copper wire on the cross, with a tap at the end of the fifth turn. The exact arrangement is not as critical as it might appear to an HF novice. The prototype built in the Elektor lab drew 1.4 mA from a 9 V battery. The measured frequency range with this construction was 0.4 to 1.4 MHz. The reception quality is surprisingly good, once you get the hang of adjusting the feedback with potentiometer P1.
In terms of reception, the regenerative receiver can hold its own against superheterodyne receivers. If you want to connect an amplifier instead of headphones, you can replace R6 by a potentiometer with the positive end of C6 connected to its wiper. If you can’t scare up a suitable variable capacitor rated at 500 pF or so, you can purchase the VCAP4 from [3] and connect the two 265-pF gangs in parallel. Incidentally, in the Elektor lab it was necessary to reduce the turns count of the aerial loop by three in order to roughly match the receiver frequency range to the MW band. In our opinion, this regenerative receiver is not only a good example of a loop aerial receiver, but also a good candidate for a ‘father and son’ project where you can try out lots of things and learn from them. And don’t forget that a loop aerial receiver is a directional receiver!
Internet Links
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_circuit
[2] www.elektronik-radio.de/39994.html (in German)
[3] www.ak-modul-bus.de/ (in German)
SOURCE:
https://circuit-diagramz.com/two-transistor-regenerative-receiver-schematic-circuit-diagram/
SINCLAIR MICROMATIC POCKET RADIO:
https://sdelaysam-svoimirukami.ru/1483-prostoy-audio-peredatchik.html
Uzmite jednu ili dve šargarepe iseckane na male delove. Pomešajte je sa maslinovim uljem, kokosovim uljem, nekim esencijalnim uljem po izboru i medom. Kada se sastojci sjedine, zagrejte smesu 2 do 3 minuta. Nakon grejanja, dodajte surutku i ubacite u blender. Smesa će podsećati na smuti od šargarepe. Nanesite na kosu od korena do vrha i držite 20 do 25 minuta. Isperite dobrim šamponom. Ovaj tretman pre pranja šargarepom će kose podstaći rast kose i učiniti je glatkom i zdravom. Koristite ovu masku svakog vikenda i brzo ćete primetiti rezultate.
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https://github.com/Fr0sT-Brutal/awesome-pascal
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https://customerconnect.vmware.com/en/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi7&src=vmw_so_vex_dbori_1255
Installing, Deploying and Using VMware vSphere Hypervisor
https://www.nakivo.com/blog/set-vmware-workstation-server-guide/
https://www.itzgeek.com/how-tos/linux/how-to-install-vmware-server-on-linux.html
Coils L1 through L5 are made with
20 SWG copper-enamelled wire wound
over air-cores having 8mm diameter.
They have 4, 6, 6, 5 and 7 turns of wire,
respectively.
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Alternative is Pop!_OS or NixOS !
You can use standard Ubuntu or Fedora too.
++
http://links.twibright.com/download.php
https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnavi/
https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/30176/Mini-C-Compiler
https://github.com/AZHenley/teenytinycompiler
Најбрже решење за заштиту Вашег компјутера, прати и блокира све евентуалне измене у систему Виндовса:
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/download/winpatrol/
Nostalgija:
https://www.gaijin.at/en/infos/windows-version-numbers
3 x Transistor FM Transmitter:
https://helpin.red/Consoleinputandoutput.html
https://jonlennartaasenden.wordpress.com/2014/11/06/famous-software-made-with-delphi/
https://dronebotworkshop.com/atx-bench-supply/
Šta je najbolje protiv virusa i prehlade?
Kafa je zasigurno štetnija nego što to mnogi misle.
Kafa je glavni izvor kofeina, moćnog stimulansa koji je u suštini otrovan. Dovoljno govori to da određene biljke proizvode kofein da bi ih kao pesticid štitio od insekata. Kofeina, osim u kafi, ima i u crnom čaju, kola pićima, energetskim napicima, čokoladi, u pojedinim ljekovima protiv bola, migrene, prehlade...
Kofein utiče na nadražljivost nervnog sistema, i na neki način stimuliše sve djelove kore mozga. Neki stručnjaci kažu da je smrtonosna doza 10 grama, što predstavlja količinu koja se nalazi u oko 70 šolja kafe. Mnogi ljudi svakog dana uzimaju desetinu smrtonosne doze, a čak i u samo jednoj šolji kafe vrebaju supstance koje ozbiljno mijenjaju organizam.
Povezanost sa bolestima
U kafi se nalazi na stotine drugih štetnih hemijskih sastojaka uključujući acetaldehid, amonijak, ugljenik-disulfid, katehol, etanol, metanol, naftalin, fenol, vodonik sulfid....
Kafa je, inače, diuretik, odnosno izlučuje tečnost iz tijela izazivajući dehidraciju koja se smatra predvorjem za bolesti.
Kofein povećava trenutni osjećaj energije tako što podstiče porast nivoa šećera u krvi. Zbog toga se, međutim, naglo izlučuje određena količina insulina iz gušterače. Posljedica njegovog djelovanja je potpuno suprotna - čovjek brzo osjeća iscrpljenost.
Kofein djeluje i kao direktni stimulans srčanog mišića. Kada dođe do srca, prouzrokuje sužavanje arterija. Takođe, povećava opterećenje srca ubrzavajući stopu rada i povećavajući krvni pritisak, istovremeno smanjujući ishranu srca krvlju.
Samo jedna šolja kafe na dan utičena na povećanje i donjeg i gornjeg pritiska, a da ne govorimo o većim količinama. Zato često prestanak konzumiranja napitaka sa kofeinom, naročito kafe, dovodi do snižavanja krvnog pritiska. Onda ljudi pokušavaju da problem niskog pritiska riješe na način što će popiti kafu, a u stvari kafa je uzrok pada pritiska.
Kofein remeti san, i opšte je poznato da oni koji žele da “razbiju” san uzimaju napitke koji sadrže kofein, a to je najčešće kafa.
Kafa može da prouzrokuje rak bešike i jajnika, čir želuca... Rak debelog crijeva je takođe povezan sa konzumiranjem kafe.
Stručnjaci se još raspravljaju da li kafa predstavlja značajan rizik od raka, ali nema sumnje da ovaj proizvod sadrži hemikalije koje mogu da izazovu rak. Među takve hemikalije spadaju metilglioksal, katehol, hlorogena i neohlorogena kiselina. Pojedini stručnjaci kažu da kofein nije pravi kancerogen sam po sebi, već da je ko-kancerogen. To znači da može da poveća vjerovatnoću da će se rak pojaviti, ako je u prisustvu drugih kancerogena.
Napici s kofeinom mogu prouzrokovati i nadraživanje želuca. Za to su odgovorni aditivi iz tih napitaka.
Sam kofein djeluje na krvne žile sistema za varenje tako što podstiče njihovo stezanje. To ometa normalno varenje. Napici s kofeinom tjeraju želudac da izlučuje preveliku količinu želudačne kiseline. To može pogoršati stanje kod osoba s čirom u sistemu za varenje.
Ustanovljeno je i da kofein ometa apsorpciju kalcijuma i gvožđa iz hrane što podstiče razvoj osteoporoze i anemije.
Neki od efekata napitaka sa kofeinom koji se mogu javiti nakon konzumiranja su: poremećena ravnoteža, ubrzan rad srca, povišena ili izmijenjena visina glasa, nesanica, slabo pamćenje, zamor i drhtavica prstiju. Drugi simptomi koji se nešto kasnije javljaju su: problemi sa cirkulacijom, poremećaj pamćenja, glavobolja, uznemirenost, lupanje srca, drhtavica, nestabilnost, vrtoglavica, hiperrefleksija, razdraženost, uzrujanost, nervoza, depresija, nestabilnost u nogama...
Uzeta količina i tip pića koji sadrži kofein određuje stepen neželjenih reakcija i problema koji se mogu javiti kod čovjeka.
Istraženo je i da hlorogena kiselina u kafi prouzrokuje alergije na hranu. Takođe, postoje podaci da je zadržavanje tečnosti sporedni efekat kofeina.
Očito i da dejstvo kofeina na ćelije pankreasa pogoršava dijabetes. U eksperimentima na miševima, kafa je veoma pogoršavala dijabetes. Može se smatrati faktorom rizika za pojavu dijabetesa.
Neka istraživanja pokazuju i da osobe koje piju kafu, u poređenju sa onima koji je ne piju, imaju višak kilograma, koriste više alkohola i puše više cigareta... Otrov kao što je kafa, najpopularniji izvor kofeina, može da stimuliše i mnoge druge zdravstvene probleme, a naročito je štetna po zdravlje ako je organizam već oslabljen ili se pojavila neka bolest.
Zavisnost
Često se raspravlja, naročito među laicima, da li se postaje zavistan od kafe. Medicina je ozbiljno istražila da kofein izaziva određenu zavisnost kod konzumenta, i to se vrlo lako može testirati.
Sve supstance koje stvaraju zavisnost dovode do određenih fizičkih i psihičkih posljedica u trenutku kad se ukine njihova upotreba.
Najbolji način da se preispita zavisnost od kofeina jeste da se nekoliko dana prestane sa uzimanjem te materije u bilo kojem obliku. Najuobičajeniji fizički simptom odvikavanja od kofeina jeste glavobolja, koja može varirati od umjerene do snažne. Ostali simptomi koji se mogu pojaviti jesu osjećaj iscrpljenosti, nedostatak apetita, mučnina i povraćanje.
Čovjek se može osjećati i psihološki bezvoljno. Simptomi često ne traju duže od jednog dana, a u pojedinim slučajevima potraju i četiri do pet dana.
U SAD su rađene analize koje pokazuju da proizvodi koji sadrže kofein, a naročito kafa, često su povezani sa pušenjem u pogledu ponašanja.
I to je zaista tačno. Mnogim pušačima je skoro nezamislivo da uzmu šolju kafe, a da je ne proprate cigaretom. I kafa i cigarete su ozbiljni otrovi koji narušavaju zdravlje.
Istraživanja su pokazala i da ukoliko se kofein ne unosi ujutro, nagon za pušenje se smanjuje ili ga uopšte nema. Izbjegavanje kofeina može da bude put ka prekidu pušenja.
Kafa bez kofeina ništa bolja
Na kraju, neko može da kaže da pije kafu bez kofeina. Dr Agata Treš kaže da „upotreba kafe i drugih napitaka oslobođenih kofeina umesto napitaka sa kofeinom je kao zamjenjivanje oštrog kamena iz desne cipele za oštar kamen u lijevoj”.
“Ovi napitci obično prouzrokuju gubitak osjećaja ukusa hrane zbog remećenja čula ukusa i mirisa. Stariji ljudi naročito mogu da pate zbog upotrebe napitaka bez kofeina, i izgleda da su grupa koja će najvjerovatnije preći sa pića sa kofeinom na ona bez kofeina”, kaže dr Treš.
Kafa bez kofeina sadrži mnoge druge otrove koje sam već naveo na početku priče o kafi.
“Ulja iz kafe zvana kafeoli su i dalje prisutna, i nadražuju stomak i ostatak sistema za varenje, stimulišući veću proizvodnju kisjeline. Istraživanja na mladim pacovima su pokazala da je kafa bez kofeina, koja je davana ovim životinjama, značajno usporavala stopu njihovog rasta, potvrđujući na još jedan način prisustvo i drugih štetnih supstanci pored kofeina”, tvrdi dr Treš u svojoj knjizi “Otrov sa velikim K”.
In the Command prompt, type the path to your Red executable (the executable you just copied in the "programs" folder), followed by -r -t windows
and the name of your program:
Red will give you a series of messages in the Command Prompt and, after about a minute you will have the standalone executable in your "programs" folder
https://ungaretti.gitbooks.io/red-language-notebook/content/hello-world-run-and-compile.html